Importance of Innovation free essay sample

Nevertheless, for the purposes of this study, it is important to have a clear framework that captures the core of the academic definitions and matches this with the reality of business practices. This is drawn out from the iterate as follows. 2. 1. 1 Diversity Diversity can be defined from a policy and legal perspective across 6 clear demographic strands: gender, age, race ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion beliefs, and disability. This demographic and non-cognitive definition has now become broadly accepted as the core legal understanding across the European union.For businesses, large and small across Europe, this deflation Is to greater or lesser extent embraced In their policies and practices dependent on the specific legislation in each country and their own willingness to engage with diversity as an issue in its own right. Many will also add other non-cognitive considerations, most commonly nationality, to this definition. Yet, in understanding the significance of diversity for innovation it is also important to go beyond the purely demographic definition, to get under the surface of this strand specific approach and consider the learned aspects of difference. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Innovation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The learning styles and attributes of Individuals and even communities include different knowledge acquisition, and communication styles, educational history, personal skills, professional abilities and functional expertise. Businesses also recognize this dimension to diversity, particularly in elation to innovation, as for example some will seek to bring together cross- functional teams to encourage the generation of new ideas. In reviewing the literature as well as the policies of successful companies what Is revealed Is a complex Interplay between the different dimensions of diversity as defined above and the understanding of deliverers role in Innovation. While the focus of this study will be on the demographic definition, this is not to the exclusion of the cognitive/learned dimension. 2. 1. 2 Innovation Innovation, meanwhile, is also a multidimensional term, displaying subjective and objective traits.Subjective traits of innovation Include the processes of creativity and Orlando thinking, the communication of creative and original thinking to others, and the uptake of those ideas by others. Here thinking relates to all areas of company activity, including everyday operations and problems, through the research and development of new or existing products, to the sourcing of new suppliers and expansion into new markets. Objective traits of innovation include the structures within which such ideas are thought about, transmitted to, and taken up by others, ND the output and outcome In terms of definable benefits.The success that a subjective raw materials of innovation creative thinking by individuals or groups can be harnessed by the objective structures of innovation. For the purposes of this study, innovation is best defined as the generation and introduction of new ideas, which lead to the development of new products and services, processes, and systems in all areas of business activity. In relation to diversity, then, subjective innovation might be said to stem from the cognitive diversity that visible and non-visible forms of diversity imply.However, the ability of diverse individuals to communicate creative and original thinking to others, and the willingness of those others to listen and respond to such ideas, might be constrained by institutional and non-institutional forms of discriminati on, including the degree to which the company has a culture of inclusion and the objective structures of organizations within which creative and innovative thinking takes place. As such, any attempt at encouraging latent creativity and innovation within and through diverse workforces must be linked with wider management processes and practices in the businesses of themselves.

Music3 essays

Music3 essays Today, many people in the United States listen to country music. People have almost always listen to this type of music, from early rebels, to the families of today. The topic of true country music usually remains the same in all songs. The country atmosphere is more family oriented and provides children and all people with good role models. From the classics of Willie Nelson, Merle Haggard, and Waylon Jennings to the new music of today, country music is the best music for all listeners. In most country songs, the topic and underlying meaning in true country songs have remained the same for many years. The belief of going to church, working hard and supporting a family have been important to country singers around the world. Also, the ideas of being a rebel, a country boy, and just simply doing everything for yourself, are the ideas of country lovers from the beginning. Maybe it is just big talk, or gives people a false sense of security, but country music reflects my beliefs and the way that I was raised. Country music is very family oriented. People of all ages from around the world can enjoy the sound and message of country music. Songs of love, country homes, and farms, are some examples of songs in the country world. Country is very good in the way of not singing about killing, religion, or murders, like many rock songs, to get a point across. As a result, it does not matter what songs people like. From the classics of Willie Nelson and others, to the songs of Garth Brooks, Clint Black, and the artists of today, there is a place for everyone to love in country music. ...

McDonalds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

McDonalds - Essay Example They use renewable resources and quality control over the industry, which is done through random checks and random audits. The main weakness is the media backlash. On operations, the industry has on line and onsite kiosk job application systems and is the second largest employer in the U.S. on the marketing, sales the products are of high quality, and the industry promotes health and wellness campaign and product offerings and does a lot of consumer and market research. The company also makes promotions such as the Coca Cola endorsement promotion. Their services have a high accuracy and done in a clean environment and often accompanied with friendly customer service. However, the industry lacks employee apathy and some customers complain of dissatisfaction (Collier 2010). As is with other companies McDonalds relies on its resources for its capabilities and core competencies to be able to create value through this, McDonalds claims to have capabilities including its own employees and the training experiences provided to them. A global food vision and a stable of full time chefs in studios, which are located in Hong Kong, Munich, and Chicago, are some of the resources that are combined to form the firm’s product innovation capability. To make all this work is dependent on the firm’s organizational structure. McDonalds uses its resources to focus on being a better instead of concentrating on being big and this has been evident since the McDonald is becoming better through creating value for customers. Any strategies that the firm chooses must be based on its resources. The McDonalds uses its skills on human resources to lay a foundation of producing a number of new products to serve local customers. To implement a strategy the managers int egrate or combine different resources so that the firm is able to complete tasks. From the importance of resources, managers complete an internal analysis (Hess 2010). The McDonalds

Contract law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contract law assignment - Essay Example She intends to use the machine both for her restaurant and for family meals. One of the clauses in the sales contract, which is drafted in technical legal language, read as follows: â€Å"Electromart cannot be held responsible for any loss or injury whatsoever caused by any defects in the manufacture or design of any goods sold.† Melinda also enters into an on-site service contract for an extra  £45. In the service contract Electromart agrees to repair the dishwasher if it breaks down within one year of purchase. One of the clauses in the service contract provides: â€Å"The customer bears all the risk of all repairs and nether Electromart nor any of its employees whatsoever accept any liability for any injury, damage or consequential loss, howsoever caused, arising out of any work done or omitted to be done in respect of any insured product.† 1. May a seller (not the manufacturer) of a manufactured product avoid liability from defects of the product by including in its contract the following clause: â€Å"Electromart cannot be held responsible for any loss or injury whatsoever caused by any defects in the manufacture or design of any goods sold.† 2. May Electromart avoid liability as repairer of the product it sold to Melinda by providing in the contract the following clause: â€Å"The customer bears all the risk of all repairs and neither Electromart nor any of its employees whatsoever accept any liability for any injury, damage or consequential loss, howsoever caused, arising out of any work done or omitted to be done in respect of any insured product.† Under the given facts, two days after the machine is delivered the dishwasher floods, causing  £2,000 damage, and  £200 lost business in the restaurant. With only two days having passed when the machine was a delivered, it would be very correct to conclude that he machines was defective especially that facts

Letter of complaint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of complaint - Essay Example However, our bungalow was a five-minute walk from the beach and located between a car park and a disco that was open every night until 3 a.m. When we requested a change of bungalow, Mr Kitching was offhand and unwilling to try to find a solution. These problems detracted significantly from our enjoyment of the holiday as it was necessary to spend the first day having the room put into a habitable condition, while for the rest of our stay we had very little sleep at night. I would appreciate it if you look into this matter.as soon as possible with a view to refunding my money in full. When we arrived, the accommodation had not been cleaned, the air conditioning was not working and there was no running water in the bathroom. (3) Although, these problems were immediately pointed out to your representative, Mr Kitching, it took nearly a day to restore the running water supply and it was another three days before the air conditioning was repaired. Secondly, your brochure clearly states that all bungalows have a sea view and are situated in pleasant, surroundings. However, our bungalow was a five-minute walk from the beach and located between a car park and a disco that was open every night until 3 a.m. When we requested a change of bungalow, Mr Kitching was offhand and unwilling to try to find a solution. These problems detracted significantly from our enjoyment of the holiday as it was necessary to spend the first day having the room put into a habitable condition, while for the remainder of our stay we had very little sleep at night. I am writing to complain about the poor accommodation services you rendered to me when I visited your hotel with my fiancà © on 31st January 2014 for a buffet. Firstly, the room was poorly lighten and it was deem in the rooms. This made it hard for us to see the room and our belongings. Secondly, there was no soap in the showers and bed sheets were dirty. Even

Intersectionality in Third-wave Feminism

Intersectionality in Third-wave Feminism Intersectionality as the Main Concept of Third-wave Feminism Third-wave feminism which follows Second-wave of Feminist movement began in the 1990s with the mixture of disgruntled, and unsure feminists, and feminists born into the world where feminism had already existed. The movement of third-wave feminism has a little focus on laws or political processes, but more on a person’s identity. This wave of feminism is the most diverse and individualistic feminist wave society have ever seen. It is considered to be a worldwide feminist wave because its main idea is to show the world that women are of many colors, religions, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds. First two waves of feminism have made so many changes in different aspects of our life. Besides the right to vote, the right to get an education, and the right to work, women, who lived during third wave of feminist, required to change the stereotypes and language that was used to describe a woman. Third-wave feminists had a desire to challenge or avoid the assumption that there is a universal female identity and over-emphasizing of the experience of the upper-middle class white women. What is most important is that the roots of Intersectional Feminism were born together with third-wave feminism. â€Å"Intersectional feminism is much more than the Feminism itself because it is an understanding of how women’s overlapping identities- including race, class ethnicity, and sexual orientation- impact the way they experience oppression and discrimination.† (Dastagir) Rebecca Solnit is an author of the book ‘Men explain things to me’ who touches the problem of marginalizing women by silencing them and talks about consequences that can lead female because of this issue. She ends on a serious note- because the ultimate problem is the silencing of women who have something to say, including those saying things like, â€Å"He’s trying to kill me!† (Solnit) Rebecca Solnit states that â€Å"men explain things to me, and other women, whether or not they know what they’re talking about.† It is a presumption that makes it hard, at times, for any woman in any field: that keeps women from speaking up and from being heard when they dare; that crushes young women into silence by indicating, the way harassment on the street does, that this is not their world. â€Å"It trains us in self-doubt and self-limitation just as it exercises men’s unsupported overconfidence.† (Solnit) Violence is one way to silence pe ople, to deny their voice and their credibility, to assert women’s right to control over their right to exist. Rebecca Solnit says that things gotten better today compared to what was happening 30 years ago. â€Å"This war won’t end in my lifetime. I am still fighting it, for myself certainly, but also for all those younger women who have something to say, in the hope that they will get to say it.† (Solnit) Third Wave feminism is a feminist wave that attends to deal with race, racism, and the experience of nonwhite women who do not free equal in our society. Intersectionality, therefore, has an intense focus on identity and particularly on racial and ethnic identity. The common positions are â€Å"We are here for women of color, trans people, lesbian, gay and bi people and the differently abled† and â€Å"Listen to women, listen to people of color.† (Pluckrose)A big issue is that intersectionality becomes inaccessible to even more people. As Mariana Ortega mentions in her article â€Å"White Feminism and Women of Color† the list of respected women of color is so short. In her essay, she tries to figure out the reason of intersectionality, asking so many questions, such as â€Å"Why is it that feminists still scramble to fill out the spot for the respected, well-known woman-of-color, speaker that will bring in a crowd? Why is it that there is only a small percentage of books and articles written by women of color in the growing lists of feminist publications? Why is it that I or any of the few women of color who are involved in feminist work could write lists of all the experiences that make us invisible, misunderstood, homogenized, and victimized while dealing with white feminists.† (Ortega) Women of color are marginalized in many ways and different aspects. To be intersectional is to focus on many different categories of marginalized identity at once, be convinced that they are marginalized and be concerned about them all. To expand this statement more, â€Å"marginalize† means to push people to the edge of the society not allowing them a place within it. A society that labels an outside the norm- weird, scary, hateful, or useless- marginalize those people, edging them out. Women of color are great example of marginalized people who are pushed away from the rest of society, are oppressed, and discriminated just because of their color, race, religion, and other factors. White Feminism is used to describe the feminist movement that only focuses on white and straight women. Usually, their fight focuses on rape culture, equal pay, and diminishing patriarchy. White feminists have reached success in different aspects for white women, but what about women of color? It is still problematic because white feminists refuse to accept women of color, women with disabilities, and women who are not in a good body form. As a matter of fact, they used to ignore their issues and their identities as well. Although they are trying to close the wage gap between men and women, they do not recognize that Latina and Black women earn even less than white women do. Gloria Steinem is a famous American Feminist, who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman for the feminist movement in the late 1960s. Steinem does not recognize such thing as â€Å"White Feminism†. She was adamant about the fact that â€Å"white feminism† as a term has no discourse about gender inequality. (Zarya) As Steinem mentioned in one of her interviews, â€Å"there is no such thing as white feminism. If you call it white, it’s not feminism. It either includes all women, or it’s not feminism†, she said. (Zarya) We are not allowed to forget that basically black women were the major force of the feminist movement, particularly during the 1970s. For this reason, and many others, white feminism has no place in current society and should be eliminated as soon as possible. In the face of calls for a more intersectional feminism, there are even White feminists who claim the whole concept of intersectionality is just academic jargon that doesn’t connect with the real world. Many people do not really understand what is â€Å"White Feminism†.   Everyday feminism Magazine defines â€Å"White Feminism† as a set of beliefs that allows for the exclusion of issues that specifically affect women of color. It is ‘one size-fits all’ feminism, where middle class White women are the mold that others must fit. It is a method of practicing feminism, not an indictment of every individual White feminism, everywhere, always.† (Uwujaren) White Feminism marginalize women of color that causes them to variety of negative effects. For example, White Feminism refuses to give feminists of color an ability to discuss their biggest issue, such as racial inequality which relates to gender inequality. It keeps reminding society that beauty standard in our culture is to be thin, blonde, and white. In addition of excluding women of color, it excludes women who are not straight or well-built as well.   White Feminists are also known as women of privilege in our society. Big issue is that sometimes they don’t even realize that they are excluding other marginalized groups. This is not an excuse for their behavior. Everyone should agree that it is a chance for women of color to honestly tell feminists of privilege how their lack of self-awareness affects other women, such as Black or Latin women. Existing problem could be changed by helping each other to recognize that women of different races, sexual orientations, and economic class experience gender inequality differently. People should be recognized and acknowledged according to their skills, knowledges, contributions, and talents, not according to their sex, skin color, or appearance. Everyone can become a better feminist if he will change this point in his head and mind. Maria Lugones is an Argentine feminist philosopher, also an author of Peregrinajes/Pilgrimages: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions book where she is taking readers through her understanding of white/Angla feminist theories, and is trying to answer the question: What is the â€Å"problem of difference† between white women and women of color, and how does the â€Å"problem of difference† affect non-white female? Lugones states that â€Å"women of color always knew that white women and women of color were different; white women all knew that they were different from women of color. White women never considered the difference important, because they did not really notice us.† (Lugones) White women used to simple and straightforwardly ignore the difference. But U.S. women of color heard and uttered an attack on white racism. Racist feminism does not see the violence done to women of color by denying that they are women. In her essay, Lugones compares women of color to the beings with a peculiar lack of substance or lack of credibility, or too frightening and intimidating, too dramatic, with too much or too little authority: all out of proportion, not fully real. (Lungones) Third wave feminism respects not only differences between women based on race, color, religion, and economic standing, but also makes allowance for different identities within a single person. Third-wave feminism responds to the â€Å"category of women† debates of the late 1980s and early 1990s that began with a critique of the second wave contention that women share something in common as women: a common gender identity and set of experiences. The concept of â€Å"woman† and â€Å"experiences† are closely connected within the second and, along with personal politics, form the three core concepts of that movement. Third-wave feminists rightly reject the universalist claim that all women share a set of common experiences, but they do not discard the concept of experience altogether. Women still look to personal experiences to provide knowledge about how the world operates and trouble dominant narratives about how things should be.   Many third-wave stories striv e to demonstrate the gaps between dominant discourses and the reality of women’s lives. Some third-wavers use their own experiences growing up in interracial or multicultural families to illustrate how the politics of race, class, and gender play out in people’s lives. For example, Cristina Tzintzu’n writes, â€Å"I worry about dating whites, especially white men†¦I see what a white man did to my beautiful, brown, Mexican mother. He colonized her.† (Snyder) What Snyder states in his essay has direct connection with Rebecca Solnit’s book which also raises the problem of marginalized women and men’s unfair attitude to women. Both first and second-wave feminists have made huge contributions to the history of feminist movement but for third-wavers there were still lots of things to do and improve. Even though many laws were designed to protect women from rape, sexual harassment, gender discrimination, wage disparity, domestic violence, and other atrocities, women were still marginalized in the way of silencing. The ultimate problem that was present during third-wave feminism is silencing of women who have something to say. Women’s voices are as multiple and diverse as our cultural and personal histories, the meaning of silence- being unwilling or unable to speak- can be seen as the complex of issues for women that results in different negative concepts. Anthropologist Susan Gal points out that women’s historians, similarly, have justified their work on the basis of recapturing the â€Å"silence† past: In this writing, silence is generally deplored† as â€Å"a symbol of passivity and powerlessness: those who are denied speech cannot make their experience known and thus cannot influence the course of their lives or history.† (Mahoney) Feeling unable or unwilling to speak, and feeling bad about it, conveys the expectation that silence is the sign of inauthenticity, of failure to be a â€Å"real†. Work Cited  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dastagir, Alai E. What Is Intersectional Feminism?  USA Today  19 Jan. 2017: n. pag.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Web. 26 Apr. 2017. Lugones, Maria. On the Logic of Pluralist Feminism. Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition Against Multiple Oppressions. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. 65-75. Print. Mahoney, Maureen A. â€Å"The Problem of Silence in Feminist Psychology.† The Problem of Silence in Feminist Psychology 22 (1996): 603-625. Feminist Studies, Inc., 1996. Web. 15 Apr. 2017. Otrega, Mariana. â€Å"Being Lovingly, Knowingly Ignorant: White Feminism and Women of Color.† Project Muse (2006): 56-74. Indiana University Press, 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2017. Pluckrose, Helen. â€Å"The Problem with Intersectional Feminism.† Areo Magazine. N.p., 15 Feb. 2017. Web. 15 Apr. 2017. Snyder, R. Claire. â€Å"What Is Third-Wave Feminism.† Chicago Journal 31 (n.d.): 175-196. The University of Chicago Press, 2008. Web 15 Apr. 2017. Solnit, Rebecca. Men Explain Things to Me. Men Explain Things to Me. Canada: Publishers Group, 2014. 1-14. Print Uwujaren, Jarune. â€Å"Why Our Feminism Must Be Intersectional.† Everyday Feminism. N.p., 11 Jan. 2015. Web. 15 Apr. 2017. Zarya, Valentina. Most Powerful Women. Fortune. Valentina Zarya, 10 Mar. 2017. Web. 26 Apr. 2017.

Growing Up Gay :: Personal Narrative Writing

Growing Up Gay When I think back of my early childhood, I can remember moving with my parents and little sister to a city in southern Sweden called Tranà ¥s. I started in a new school, and I was fascinated, in a rather special way, by a particular boy in my class. While my thoughts at that time were not particularly sexual (I was nine at the time), I often thought about whether or not I thought this boy beautiful. I had problems settling the issue in my mind, but nevertheless, I looked at him ever so often, and I felt pleasure while doing so. As time went on, as I entered puberty, I began to take a more active, albeit still very discrete, interest in other boys. While in the locker room after physical education, I detected that I was sexually attracted to several of the other boys, and I also saw many boys walking around the school corridors who caught my attention. Sometimes I looked them up in the school's photo catalog to see what their names were, and in my free time, I often dreamt about being physically close to them. But during this period of adolescence, I never really thought about what I was. All the things that took place in the emotional-sexual realm were, admittedly, real and concrete to me: I experienced real feelings for other boys (love, infatuation, sexual attraction). But at the same time, on an "intellectual" level, I never confronted these feelings, and so I continued having them without worrying about them or trying to transform them in any way. They just were, and that was fine with me. While some opponents of homosexuality often claim that it is "unnatural" (a claim which is thoroughly refuted in the essay "Homosexuality and the 'Unnaturalness Argument'"), for me, my homosexual feelings were very natural indeed. When I was 16, I became a Christian, which complicated matters quite a bit. After a conversion in the summer of 1984, during which I confessed Jesus Christ as my lord and savior, I joined the Pentecostal Church by being baptized on December 9. While I felt great satisfaction about being a part of the Christian church, I gradually encountered attitudes among fellow Christians and in the Bible which were rather hostile towards homosexuality in any form. I adopted that negative attitude, and I became quite a vocal homophobe.

Relgion VS Superstition Essay

Religion is defined as a belief in a divine or superhuman power or higher being to be worshiped as the creator of the universe. Many of the characters have strong religious beliefs, but will not practice any form of superstitious behavior. Both the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson share a common belief in God but view Him in different ways. â€Å"Sometimes the widow would take me one side and talk about Providence in a way to make the body’s mouth water; but maybe next day Miss Watson would take hold and knock it all down again.†(p.13) This proves that Miss Watson and the Widow Douglas have differing views of heaven or â€Å"Providence.† While Huck is in the care of the Widow Douglas he also learns about God but is unsure of how to view Him. Huck’s struggles attempting to understand religion are spread throughout the entire story. The definition of superstition is any belief or attitude that is inconsistent with what we know of science such as charms, omens, and the supernatural. When the characters are expressing or acting out on their superstitious beliefs, they rarely have religious connotations. There are also many examples of superstition in this novel. One such example is when Huck flicks a spider into a candle flame and it dies. â€Å"†¦I flipped it off and it lit in the candle; and before I could budge, it was all shriveled up. I didn’t need anyone to tell me that was an awful bad sign.† (p.5) After Huck realizes what’s happened to the spider, he performs a ritual meant to keep away witches. This is but one of many examples in the book of Huck’s superstitious nature. Jim is also very superstitious, with such obvious examples as his â€Å"magic hair-ball.† This hair-ball was taken out of an ox’s stomach, and Jim claimed it could tell fortunes, and people actually believed it. When Huck asked if it knew anything about his Pap, Jim said that it wouldn’t talk without some kind of payment, so Huck pays with a fake quarter, and Jim gives him a vague explanation of what is going to happen. And Huck believes him. A third example is the snake skin fiasco. Both Huck and Jim believe the snake skin, when touched, would bring bad luck, and sure enough it does. â€Å"I awluz ‘spected dat rattlesnake-skin warn’t done wid it’s work.†(p.90) This turns out to be true when Huck and Jim’s raft is damaged by a passingboat, and Huck and Jim are separated. Superstition and religion are not completely opposites however. There are subtle similarities expressed by different characters. For example, â€Å"there was a cross in the left boot-heel made with big nails, to keep off the devil.† Pap, being superstitious, does what he can to keep away bad omens. Pap is as far away from being religious as a person can get and yet he believes in the devil. Most people know that the devil is associated with religion. This is one similarity between religion and superstition. Another similarity is how religiously Huck follows his superstitions. â€Å"†¦turn over the saltcellar at breakfast. I reached over for some of it as quick as I could to throw over my left shoulder to keep off the bad luck†¦feeling all worried and shaky, and wondering where it was going to fall on me, and what it was going to be.† (p.16) When Miss Watson saw what Huck was doing she told him he was making a mess and to stop. The widow put a good word in for him yet he still felt bad because he could not finish his ritual. Just like a religious person feels bad when they can not finish their prayers or worships. Religion and superstition mean completely different things, however they can be practiced in the same way. The similarities between the two ideas are closely related and yet totally different.

cellular respiration essays

cellular respiration essays Cellular respiration begins with glucose. Glucose is the primary fuel used in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration. This molecule is found in the gel-like substance called cytoplasm that fills the cell. In glycolysis, glucose undergoes phosphorylation by ATP. The ATP is converted back to ADP. The glucose molecule is rearranged and undergoes a second phosphorylation by ATP. The second ATP is also converted back to ADP. Glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is split into 2 three-carbon molecules of PGAL. As oxidation takes place, NAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each molecule to form 2NADH. Phosphorylation takes place again. For each molecule, 2ADP combine with two phosphates to form a total of 4 ATP, and pyruvic acid molecules are formed. A net gain of 2 ATP have been formed. As the pyruvic acid molecules make their way toward the mitochondria, two more molecules of NADH are formed. A carbon atom also breaks off and combines with two oxygen atoms to produce the waste product carbon dioxide. As a result of these reactions, each pyruvic acid molecule is transformed into a two-carbon compound called an acetyl group. The two acetyl groups combine with a molecule of coenzyme A each to form two acetyl coenzyme A molecules. These molecules are processed in a complex pathway called the Krebs cycle. As the Krebs cycle progresses through both pyruvic acid molecules, six molecules of NADH, two molecules of ATP, and additional carbon dioxide are all formed. FAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each pyruvic acid molecule, and a total of 2 FAD2 are formed. NADH and FAD2 transport their hydrogen atoms and electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons are passed down the chain of attracting molecules until they reach oxygen. Joined with hydrogen, they combine with the oxygen to form water. As the electrons flow down the electron chain, they release energy that is used to make more ATP. Eight of the ten NADH f ...

Natural Mosquito Repellents

Natural Mosquito Repellents When I was pregnant, I wanted to avoid using toxic chemical insect repellents, yet the mosquitoes seemed to find me tastier than ever. My solution at that time was to wear what I called my DEET sheet, which was an old cotton sheet that had been sprayed with S.C. Johnsons Off! Deep Woods formula. While this was highly effective, it wasnt practical for use around kids, so I did research into safer, natural mosquito repellents. I learned that many so-called natural mosquito repellents dont repel mosquitoes (e.g., ultrasonic electronic devices), but some are backed by reputable research and really work. Key Takeaways The two ways to repel mosquitoes are to attract them away from you or to repel them directly.Mosquitoes are often repelled by plant essential oils, especially lemon eucalyptus oil.Even the best repellent may be compromised by a reaction with sunscreen, dilution in water, absorption into the skin, or evaporation into the air. Its important to re-apply repellent to maintain its effectiveness. Mosquitoes have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of mosquitoes react to different stimuli. Most mosquitoes are active at dawn and dusk, but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. You can avoid being bitten by making sure you arent attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes elsewhere, using a repellent, and avoiding actions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. Mosquito Attractants Use this list of items and activities that attract mosquitoes as a list of things to avoid or that can be used as bait to lure mosquitoes away from you. Dark ClothingMany mosquitoes use vision to locate hosts from a distance. Dark clothes and foliage are initial attractants.Carbon DioxideYou give off more carbon dioxide when you are hot or have been exercising. A burning candle or other fire is another source of carbon dioxide.Lactic AcidYou release more lactic acid when you have been exercising or after eating certain foods (e.g., salty foods, high-potassium foods).Floral or Fruity FragrancesIn addition to perfumes, hair products, and scented sunscreens, watch for the subtle floral fragrance from fabric softeners and dryer sheets.Skin TemperatureThe exact temperature depends on the type of mosquito. Many mosquitoes are attracted to the slightly cooler temperatures of the extremities.MoistureMosquitoes are attracted by perspiration because of the chemicals it contains and also because it increases the humidity around your body. Even small amounts of water (e.g., moist plants or mud puddles) will draw mosquitoes. Standing water also a llows mosquitoes to reproduce. Blood TypePerson with type O blood are more attractive to mosquitoes than those with A, B, or AB blood. This blood type is rare, but if you have a friend or family member with type O blood, mosquitoes (and the Red Cross) like them better than they like you. Natural Mosquito Repellents Its very easy to make your own natural mosquito repellent. These natural products will effectively repel mosquitoes, but they require more frequent reapplication (at least every 2 hours) and higher concentrations than DEET. Because of the differences between types of mosquitoes, products that contain multiple repellents tend to be more effective than those containing a single ingredient. As you can see, natural repellents tend to be volatile plant oils. Citronella OilLemon Eucalyptus OilCinnamon OilCastor OilRosemary OilLemongrass OilCedar OilPeppermint OilClove OilGeranium OilCatnip OilTobaccoNeem OilBirch Tree BarkPossibly Oils from Verbena, Pennyroyal, Lavender, Pine, Cajeput, Basil, Thyme, Allspice, Soybean, and Garlic Another plant-derived substance, pyrethrum, is an insecticide. Pyrethrum comes from the flowers of the daisy Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Things that Lower Repellent Effectiveness Despite your best efforts, you may be unintentionally sabotaging your repellents effectiveness. Mosquito repellent doesnt play nicely with: Many SunscreensDilution From Rain, Perspiration, or SwimmingAbsorption Into the SkinEvaporation From Wind or High Temperatures Keep in mind that natural does not automatically imply safe. Many people are sensitive to plant oils. Some natural insect repellents are actually toxic. Therefore, although natural repellents provide an alternative to synthetic chemicals, please remember to follow the manufacturers instructions when using these products. Source M. S. Fradin; J. F. Day (2002). Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites. N Engl J Med. 347 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa011699

Leadership Does measuring leadership help productivity of the Coursework

Leadership Does measuring leadership help productivity of the Organisation - Coursework Example A number of examples of organisations have been provided in this context. The subject of leadership has gained tremendous interest in the sine the past few decades. Leadership is considered to of critical interest for adding value to the organisation. It is important to measure the effectiveness of leadership and its influence in driving the performance of employees and the organisations. A leader has a much bigger and important role to play than just being a person who is the biggest or the most powerful. The term leader has been interpreted as a person who sets the direction with an effort to influence individuals to follow the direction. However, the term leader needs to distinguished form that of a manager. It is different from planning, coordinating and organising and is more concerned with the power to influence people and guiding them through the direction of attaining organisation goals and objectives (McNamara, n.d.). It is important to assess the quality of leadership devel opment programs to identify the possible actions which can be taken towards improving the quality of the programs. It is also important to assess the short term as well the long term impacts of these programs to find out the extent to which the organisations provide support or behave as barriers for transferring the leanings to performance (Martineau, 2006, p.1). However, the assessment and evaluation of the effectiveness of leadership should not be restricted to just the management programs. Overall, the objective should be to capture the essence of the term leadership and what it is all about. It requires to be evaluated if the leadership is able to bring about the changes as per the objectives. Leadership should be measured at various levels of the organisation and at all positions. This project aims at bringing out the purpose of measuring the effectiveness of leadership at various levels of the organisation. Literature Review The importance of measuring the effectiveness of lea dership can be viewed from different perspectives. It has an impact on the performance measures, on the followers, and finally at the bottom line of the organisation. In order to make leadership effective, the leader must have all the critical data at the point of his fingertips which would allow him to have the best understanding of whatever is going on in the organisation. The evaluation of leadership involves identifying whether leadership is being effective in finding the solution to a problem through collective efforts or by combining the efforts of the people to promote survival and success. The leaders’ performance may be evaluated on the ground that it can influence the people towards contributing towards the betterment and good of the group. It can also be measured by understanding how the organisations objectives are attained and achieved through the combined efforts of the group members. However, it must be noted goals vary between organisations. The goal of Genera l Motors is different from that of Microsoft, Wal-Mart or other organisations. However, all of them work towards the common goal of attaining the maximum output and profits. Organisations remain competitive towards each other for attaining the scarce resources and having the maximum return on their assets (Kaiser, Hogan & Craig, 2008, p.1). Some traditions follow the measurement of leadership through evaluation of

Play, Games, and Sport Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Play, Games, and Sport - Assignment Example Some games were restricted to men other to women while others were open to all genders which included the young and the old in the society (Greenough, 45-67). Traditionally, history suggests that Native American games were inseparable from their religions according to history of their religion they create stories which mostly involved contests between two opposing twin gods which were armed with clubs bow and arrows. Hence they used these games as a replay of the stories told that offered recreation and also gambling opportunity. These games were divided into two categories where there existed chance and skills games or dexterity the community used this games not only for the young generation’s amusement but also a venue where they could learn, gain improve skills and also sharpen their senses. The winners who won these games were highly respected in the tribe. Traditionally, Native Americans are believed to the inventors of most games and sports which included lacrosse. Team games, which the young played always taught cooperation and also encouraged social interaction within tribes and also with other tribes (Krech,107-110). Among those games played by the Native Americans was lacrosse also called tewaarathon, the little brother of war or even be gateway depending on the given tribe. However, these games have seen some improvements, but it is still played even today. Lacrosse developed from AD1100 WHICH WAS played by 100- 1,000 men on a field that stretched from 500 meters to 3kilometrles long it lasted from sunrise to sundown which would even take two to three days this game was invented and played as part of ceremonial ritual that was used to symbolize warfare to give gratitude and thanks to the creator (Krech, 107-110). The players who took part were informed of warriors with the aim of bringing glory and honor to the tribes as well as